Official OCEMS site ↗
← Clinical guides

Trauma · Adult / adolescent · ALS

Trauma: bleeding, limb injury & TBI

Control hemorrhage, protect perfusion and ventilation, and recognize destination needs.

OCEMS source summary · Updated 2026-09-16

Key cautions & base contact

  • A fluid threshold for general medical hypotension is not the same as the TBI threshold.
  • Trauma-center designation and high hemorrhage risk are ketorolac exclusions in PR-075.

Bleeding control & transport

  • Start direct pressure. If bleeding continues, consider an approved hemostatic dressing; use a tourniquet for uncontrolled extremity hemorrhage under B-010.
  • Do not delay transport to establish IV access. For hypotension, the adult order starts with 250 mL saline and permits continued infusion to support perfusion.
  • Base contact is required for trauma-triage criteria, hypotension, or saline needed for stabilization.

Limb injuries & impaled objects

  • Splint/immobilize fractures and document distal pulses and sensation. Cold packs over a splint may improve comfort.
  • Stabilize impaled objects when possible. Do not remove face/neck objects unless ventilation is compromised; avoid delays to extrication/transport.
  • For qualifying pain with systolic BP above 90, source options include morphine 5 mg (or 4 mg carpuject) IV/IM, fentanyl 50 mcg IV/IM, or fentanyl 100 mcg IN, each with one repeat after 3 minutes as specified.

Suspected traumatic brain injury

  • Monitor SpO₂ continuously and escalate oxygen/airway/ventilation support to maintain saturation above 90%. Use continuous ETCO₂ and target 35–45 mmHg when possible, especially during assisted ventilation.
  • Check systolic BP every 5 minutes. Below 100, give 250 mL saline and continue infusion toward BP above 100; for age 65 and older, use the source’s below-110 trigger and above-110 target.
  • At GCS 8 or below, establish an airway by the most appropriate available means. Transport to a trauma center.

Handoff

  • Report mechanism, hemorrhage control, tourniquet time, neurologic findings, oxygenation/ETCO₂, BP trends, and treatment response.
  • Use the complete SO-T-005 for eye injury, airbag exposure, pregnancy-positioning, and other branches beyond this focused guide.