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Pediatric assessment triangle

Use appearance, breathing, and skin circulation for a rapid first impression.

OCEMS source summary · Updated 2026-09-16

First impression

  • Use visual and auditory observations. The triangle is particularly useful in children younger than 5.
  • Continue assessment and use the applicable pediatric standing order for treatment.

1. Appearance

  • Tone: observe movement and posture.
  • Interaction: look for alertness and engagement with people or surroundings.
  • Consolability: assess response to a caregiver.
  • Look/gaze: observe eye contact and tracking.
  • Speech/cry: listen to the strength and character of the voice or cry.

2. Work of breathing

  • Observe breathing effort and listen for abnormal respiratory sounds.

3. Circulation to skin

  • Observe skin color for pallor, mottling, or cyanosis.

Turn the impression into a focused assessment

  • Use the triangle as a rapid visual/auditory impression, then assess airway, ventilation, perfusion, and mental status. It does not supply a stand-alone diagnosis or treatment order.
  • When documenting depressed consciousness, use the age-appropriate GCS components; PR-002 has separate scoring for age 2 and younger.

Find the next pathway

  • For respiratory distress, use SO-P-035 and reassess the response to oxygen, airway support, and the specific treatment. For altered mental status, SO-P-065 includes a glucose check and treatment of poor perfusion.
  • 310.00 identifies pediatric respiratory distress and circulatory compromise as base-contact triggers, with a pediatric-capable base preferred. A reassuring momentary appearance does not cancel the source’s BRUE contact criteria.