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Medical · Adult & pediatric · ALS

Nausea, vomiting & dehydration

Manage airway risk, assess perfusion, and use the adult or pediatric antiemetic pathway.

OCEMS source summary · Updated 2026-09-16

Key cautions & base contact

  • Adult ondansetron orders exclude known or suspected pregnancy.
  • Use the pediatric age restriction and fluid maximums explicitly; do not scale the adult ODT regimen by weight.

Assess before treating symptoms

  • Evaluate airway protection, vomiting, perfusion, and signs of dehydration. Keep suction available and maintain the airway.
  • An altered level of consciousness or severe poor perfusion should prompt the applicable broader condition order rather than an antiemetic-only approach.

Adult / adolescent

  • For dehydration or poor perfusion with clear lungs/no CHF, give 250 mL saline boluses up to 1 L as needed for perfusion.
  • For continued nausea/vomiting when pregnancy is not known or suspected: ondansetron 8 mg ODT, or 4 mg IV. The IV dose may repeat once after about 3 minutes for continued/recurrent symptoms.
  • Transport to an appropriate ERC, with ALS escort when medication or fluids were needed.

Pediatric — SO-P-090

  • For dehydration/poor perfusion, give 20 mL/kg saline IV/IO, maximum 250 mL per bolus, and contact base (pediatric-capable preferred). May repeat twice for 3 total boluses.
  • Age 4 and older: one 4 mg ondansetron ODT as tolerated. The source does not give an ODT regimen below age 4 or routine pediatric IV ondansetron.
  • If altered/unresponsive, check glucose and follow the source’s hypoglycemia treatment, including the limited IO dextrose exception.

Reassess & handoff

  • Reassess airway protection, vomiting frequency, mental status, vital signs, and response to fluid or medication. Document dose times and total fluid.
  • Pediatric vomiting can accompany diabetic ketoacidosis with marked hyperglycemia; assess the underlying cause and perfusion, not just symptom relief.