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Medical · Adult / adolescent · ALS

Adult hyperglycemia / suspected DKA

Use glucose together with mental status, breathing, vital signs, and comorbidity to choose support and transport.

OCEMS source summary · Updated 2026-09-16

Key cautions & base contact

  • This adult/adolescent order is not a pediatric DKA fluid protocol.
  • Do not treat a normal-looking glucose threshold as a substitute for assessment of breathing or perfusion.

Assess more than the glucose

  • Measure and document glucose, mental status, vital signs, oxygen saturation, hydration, and associated symptoms. Deep labored breathing may be Kussmaul respirations.
  • Look for fever/infection, vomiting, abdominal pain, and significant comorbidity. Consider sepsis as a cause or coexisting problem.

Recognize the ALS / suspected DKA branch

  • At glucose at least 400 mg/dL, the source directs ALS transport.
  • At glucose above 250 with confusion/lethargy, heart rate above 120, respiratory rate above 20 with labored breathing, fever history, or SpO₂ below 94%, transport ALS and consider DKA.

Supportive care

  • For the suspected DKA branch, provide oxygen as tolerated, monitor the rhythm, and establish IV access.
  • Without evidence of fluid overload, give normal saline 250 mL IV and reassess; may repeat to a maximum 1 L for adequate perfusion. Consider ETCO₂ assessment for acidosis. No insulin administration regimen is provided in this field order.

Lower-acuity transport criteria

  • BLS consideration requires normal mental status, vital signs, and pulse oximetry and no other complaint requiring ALS. The source separates glucose below 250 from glucose above 250 but below 400; the latter also requires absence of relevant comorbidity.
  • Consider ALS with active cancer, renal failure, liver disease, immunosuppression, abdominal pain with vomiting, CHF, organ transplant, or frailty. Do not infer a BLS decision solely from one glucose value or a boundary not explicitly addressed in the source.
  • Document serial findings and the full rationale for the chosen level of transport.